Noticias Week of 11/12

BBC News Duncan Tucker Santa Muerte: The rise of Mexico’s death ‘saint’

Catholic News Agency Mary Rezac Have you heard of Saint Death? Don’t pray to her

I originally found the article “Santa Muerte: The rise of Mexico’s death ‘saint’” by BBC News and I found the article so intriguing that I decided to try and understand more background information on her. This lead me to the article “Have you heard of Saint Death? Don’t pray to her,” which is published by a Catholic Website called Catholic News Agency (CNA). Therefore, I will be summarizing first the article by BBC News and then what background information I gained from CNA.

In “Santa Muerte: The rise of Mexico’s death ‘saint’” it explains who this ‘saint’ is. Santa Muerte is a ‘saint’ who is non-judgmental that many single mothers, members of the LGBT, and gang members pray to her. Santa Muerte serves as a ‘saint’ for the people who are treated as outcasts. The people who follow this religion feel it is deeply misunderstood and it is not a satanic mass. Worshipping Santa Muerte has surged in popularity and has about 10 to 12 million followers world-wide. Many of Santa Muerte’s followers believe she is the reincarnation of the Aztec goddess Mictecacihuatl, who presided over a festival of death every August. This article explains that members of this religion have decided to make Day of the Dead her feast day, which is angering the Catholic church. The Vatican has denounced Santa Muerte and repeatedly says this every year around the Day of the Dead to make clear she is not a part of the Catholic church nor will she ever be.

This leads to the article by CNA which provides more of an explanation of why it is growing in popularity. One reason they say Santa Muerte is growing in popularity is due to the drug wars. This article says that gang members do not feel comfortable praying to God for protection against the police and instead will pray to Santa Muerte and offer something in exchange. Another reason the drug wars have increased the popularity of Santa Muerte is because the victims of the drug wars find a ‘saint’ of death very appealing.

These two articles authors had very different purposes in their writing. The author from BBC wanted to briefly explain who Santa Muerte is and what her worshippers are like, while the author for the CNA’s intentions is to explain to readers why not to pray to Santa Muerte. Of course, the author’s viewpoints are going to be different because their readers are different. BBC news is for everyone to read while the CNA’s target audience is for Catholics. These two articles about the same topic prove how the target audience can affect the author’s argument.

Santa Muerte portrays the Mexican people as people who are deeply religious. While she is not tied to the Catholic church like most saints her presence still shows Mexicans as deeply spiritual and wanting a religious figure.

One of the reason’s I chose Santa Muerte is because of the class discussions the class has had together. One of the things we have talked about in class is the local saints that exist in Latin America and the effect they can have on a community. However, unlike the saints talked about in class the Catholic church has renounced her and has made it clear she will never be a saint to them. Santa Muerte is almost a ‘saint’ for the outcasts and can make them feel accepted for who they are, but she is also serving as an excuse for some gang members. Santa Muerte is very helpful for the people who consider themselves outcasts. She has helped their identity greatly. The gang members feel since Santa Muerte is accepting the gang members do not have to improve who they are. Another heavily talked about topic in class is gang violence and cartels. It is interesting how the rise of gangs has indirectly increased the popularity of Santa Muerte.

Noticias: Cable Car boom in Latin America

https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21730743-they-appeal-both-politicians-and-commuters-why-latin-america-seeing-cable-car-boom

Cable cars are becoming a huge trend in Latin America due to the fact it has great benefits to the lower class as well as politicians. The cable cars benefits the lower class in part because of its affordability it only cost 7 pesos (37 cents) also the cable car is a more time efficient way to get around it takes a cable car 19 minutes to run the same route with the same stops as a bus which takes 80 minutes because of the areas mountainous geography which means the cable cars cause for a less stressful ride. On top of being time and financially efficient cable cars can transport a greater volume of people in a day in a single day Mexicable’s 185 cars transport 18,000 people. Also the cable cars are less likely to be stuck up and robbed compared to buses.

his new trend is helpful for the government as well because it challenges private owned bus companies and it only takes 18 months to erect the cable car lines also it is an affordable alternative to widening roadways for more buses. this means the governments of Latin America have an affordable and fast way too challenge the private owned buses that rule lower class commuting. on. top of being cost effective and time efficient, installation of cable car lines do not require the displacement of large amounts of people. in areas where cable cars are present in Latin America there is a trend of decreased crime and increased employment. By 2023 Mexico City plans to have 2 more lines up and running

 

 

International Education Week Events

Check out the rich schedule of events for International Education Week!

Events start this Friday night, November 3rd at 7:30 in McGaw Chapel with the Culture Show.

According to the organizers, “last year, we had 900 people attend the show overall and we hope we can make this year even more successful.The idea is to bridge the gap between international and domestic students AND for the campus community to come together to encourage the cultural diversity represented at Wooster.”

This is a great opportunity for anyone looking for a multicultural event as part of your Instagram project.

Noticias: Nicaragua Joins the Climate Change Talks

On October 20th, Nicaragua signed to join the Paris climate treaty, taking effect on November 22nd. Previously, Nicaraguan government officials didn’t believe the climate talks would have a true impact on mitigating the impact of humans on climate change. After 2 years of consideration, the Nicaraguan government reconsidered. As mentioned by the Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Patricia Espinosa, Nicaragua is the 4th most susceptible country to climate change worldwide, other Latin American countries joining is top 4 list. The article goes on to discuss plans of other Latin American countries as outlined in the Paris climate agreements, however I am choosing to focus specifically on Nicaragua as their contributions to the climate treaty are just now being brought forward. Previous to the Nicaraguan government’s involvement in the climate agreements, various indigenous communities within Nicaragua (amongst other countries) joined the talks at the summit in 2015.

The portrayal of Latin American people in this article depicts them as cautions and self-aware people. Although the government of Nicaragua didn’t sign to join the treaty until a couple weeks ago, it appears that the Nicaraguan people have been on board since the climate summit in Paris. Contrary to the average depiction of Latin American governments by US media, Nicaragua is shown to be quite aware of the severity of climate change in this article, the US used as a contrasting example. In fact a Nicaraguan government official is commented in reference to the Paris Climate Treaty, stating that, “even though it is not an ideal treaty, it is the only instrument that currently allows for unity of intentions and effort.” Furthermore, the Nicaraguan government hopes that in collaborating with over 160 countries around the world that their contribution is essential. Despite the small steps being taken to mitigate climate change, worldwide collaboration is essential if positive impact is to be made on our planet’s environment.

I believe the strong-willed identity of the Latin American people if Nicaragua is exhibited quite clearly in this article. They are angry about the impact climate change is having on their environment, being one of immense diversity. In addition, the impact of other countries’s pollutants are the primary contributors to the environmental deterioration in Nicaragua. As a result, the Nicaraguan people are outraged, naturally, as countries like the US display preposterous levels of ignorance as they withdraw from Paris Climate Agreements. It is clear that the motives of the US are purely centered around money. The lunacy of the situation is amplified when one looks at the extremes of climate change; money could easily be of no use within 30-40 years as the global scale of climate change intervenes with everyday life of all humans.

 

Noticias Questions

For this week, please read Maggie’s article and Kanishk’s article. These two articles talk about Venezuela’s economic crisis (if you would like background information to better understand the topic before we talk about, you can skim this wikipedia article).

Discussion Questions:

(We probably won’t have time to talk about all of these, however they’re all pretty related, and we hope they spark interesting conversation and discussion)

  1. Is it the responsibility of global economic superpowers, such as the US, to give aid to countries that we’re politically opposed to? That is to say, are we responsible to the citizens of these countries with governments we’re at ends with? If so, what actions should we take to assist them, and how can they be financed? If your country’s government is corrupt, who takes care of you?
  2. Going off of the previous questions, should we intervene in the affairs of foreign countries? How responsible are we for the economic and political situation in Venezuela and Latin America as a whole? If we are responsible, should and how do we make reparations?
  3. How do we hold the US and other super powers accountable for their actions, especially in other countries? Who does Trump’s sanctions hurt, the people of Venezuela, or the government?

 

Noticias

VENEZUELA BLAMES TRUMP AS IT NEARS POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY UNDER MADURO

http://www.newsweek.com/venezuela-going-bankrupt-maduro-administration-blames-trump-debt-crisis-694250

Venezuela is one of the world’s largest exporters of oil and has the world’s largest proven oil reserves at an estimated 296.5 billion barrels (20% of global reserves) as of 2012.Venezuela is a founding member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Being not able to pay its debt would heavily impact their market. Moreover the Venezuelan government is already going through a crisis. With a debt over billions it would be difficult for the already crippling Venezuelan administration. If  they decide to pay their debt instead they would end up making the citizen of the nation suffer. “But such payment in the coming days will come at the expense of money allotted to purchase food and other basic needs for the nation’s impoverished citizens.” as said in the article.

Blaming President Trump the Venezuelan President said “We are starting an era where the dictatorship of the ‘dollar boss’ will not be imposed and we’re ridding ourselves from this supposed threat of Trump,”.

Noticias 10/31/17 : Argentine Airline Issues

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41819334

Currently, Argentina is having some issues with its flights. Two different airlines, Austral Líneas Aéreas and Aerolíneas Argentinas (a state-run airline), are dealing with strikes from workers demanding salary increases. According to the BBC article, inflation in Argentina is expected to reach 22% this year, which is the reason these workers want their salaries increased. The workers represent five different labor unions, and these unions are threatening further strikes if these initial ones do not work. However, the president of Aerolíneas Argentinas argues that the workers’ salaries were “good compared to those at other firms”. Regardless, these strikes have caused nearly 400 domestic and international flights to be cancelled.

One could argue that because this article comes from the BBC and not Latin America itself, it has the potential to be biased against Latin Americans. An article like this one, one might argue, portrays Latin American countries in a negative light, as it highlights Argentina’s struggle with inflation and the results of such a struggle. Poor economies have plagued Latin America since the nations there were first established, and when we ignore the larger picture, we might lead people to believe that Latin Americans in general are not good at maintaining strong economies. However, the article fails to mention that a large part of the reason these economies are weak in the first place is due to the intervention/meddling from the US and other powers.

I would argue that the prevalence of weak economies in Latin America has a negative effect on the identity of Latin Americans as a whole, although I think the history of colonialism in the region and of imperialism at the hands of countries like the US are the main causes of the perpetual political and economic strife in Latin America. Weak economies cause the poor to stay poor and the divide between rich and poor to grow. Inevitably, with poverty and a lack of opportunity comes crime, gangs, and violence, which further negatively effect the identity of Latin Americans as a whole. The strike of these airline workers is merely a symptom of a much larger issue that Latin American hasn’t been able to solve for quite some time, and until the issue is resolved somehow, the issue will continue to negatively impact Latin Americans and their identity.

Noticias thingy

http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/16/americas/puerto-rico-superfund-water/index.html

An apartment building is missing a wall in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on Monday, September 25, nearly a week after Hurricane Maria devastated the US commonwealth. Power is still out in most places, and communications remain almost nonexistent on the island of 3.4 million people.

In this article the issue of the availability of water in Latin American countries is discussed. As the article deals with a man named Oquendo who risks his own health for the basic necessity of water. How does he do this? By drinking water contaminated by chemical waste products. The way Oquendo sees it “I’m going to drink it. I’ve drank it before. It tastes fine,’ Oquendo told CNN as he filled his jugs. ‘If I don’t drink water I’m going to die. So I might as well drink this water.” The way he sees it its better to live another day and risk being poisoned then to die from dehydration. This is due to a lack of funds in Puerto Rico which prevent a fast and effect response to the damage from  Hurricane Maria.

The people of Puerto Rico are portrayed as impoverished and desperate in this article. This can be seen by the way they describe Oquendo and his actions to get the water he needs to survive. They also show images of destroyed and dilapidated buildings in the area.

This relates to our class because it shows how Latin American countries like Puerto Rico are being neglected in their time of need. But also shows the efforts of many small groups who wish to help these people in need.

Noticias 10/31/17

100 Women: Football offers girls a shield in Brazil’s violent favelas

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-41473353

Within the artice, they talk about the extremely dangerous favelas within Brazil that are the battlegrounds between the police and drug gangs. within the article they provide a crazy statistic that states that a “Rio resident is hit by a stray bullet every 7 hours”, which shows exactly how often there is gun violence in the favelas of Rio, Brazil. because of all the violence, the youth is endlessly looking for ways to get away and stay safe throughout the day, and a way that a group of girls do this is by going to a pitch in the hills to play soccer. the pitch was built by a UK charity that gives under privileged youth an opportunity through sports. the charity wanted to make this area off limits to violence and talked to many of the residents, police and even gangs to help keep this area free of violence. although the residents and gangs have agreed to make this area off limits to all violence, the girls still have to cancel practices due to the frequent shootings that happen throughout the week. through all of this, the coach of the soccer team has helped over 300 children a year “reducing their risk of exploitation and abuse, developing their life skills, and improving their education, training, and employment opportunities.”.

The Latin American people in this article are portrayed as poor and violent but not by choice as they live in very poor situations and struggle to survive. The help that they receive to help protect the youth is extremely important as they are the future of that community and giving them the best opportunity to be the best that they can be will only help the community. Also how the gangs and police have both tried to agree to the restriction of violence in that area shows that even though they are committing crimes, their intention isn’t to hurt the children so it shows that they aren’t as completely savage as they are made out to be.

This article connects to the theme of identities of Latin America by showing how the people in Brazil were presented with a serious problem with violence and decided to make a change to help make the violence affect less of the youth in the area.

 

Carbon Sequestration in Latin American countries

     For Noticias this week, I chose to research carbon sequestration in Latin America through an article called, “Carbon Sequestration Potential Second-Growth Forest Regeneration in the Latin American Tropics”. This article was definitely the hardest one I’ve had to analyze so far because it’s more science related so I had to take time to really understand the data collected from the experiments that researchers conducted. Though the article was challenging, I chose to analyze it because it is different from the cultural articles I usually gravitate towards. The content in the article seemingly discussed the effects of Carbon on the environment and the lead causes of global warming. Global Warming has always been a very hot topic, but has become more controversial and relevant recently; I think it is necessary that we discover how these situations are handled and viewed in Latin American countries.

     The article begins by giving a description of the issue. It is commonly accepted that global warming is the result of greenhouse gases such as Carbon Dioxide. Carbon Dioxide tends to be emitted in large amounts through the burning of fossil fuels and other human activities. The authors of the article argue that as a global community we have been approaching the situation incorrectly. Instead of trying to eliminate global warming by preventing deforestation, the authors suggest that we should turn our attention to the concept of reforestation. This idea of second-growth forests (“SFs” in the article) was the driving theme present in the research article because it appears that these forests contain a lot of potential for carbon sequestration. So what exactly is a second-growth forest? Second-growth forests are the regrowth of organisms and populations in a specific land environment after a traumatic destruction of the land (ex: wildfire,   post-cultivation fallows etc.). My understanding is that the benefit of allowing second-growth forests to exist is that these forests accumulate an aboveground carbon (AGC) stock of about 8.48 petagrams of Carbon which is the equivalent of 31.09 petagrams of CO2. As stated by the article, “this total is equivalent from fossil fuel use and industrial processes in all of Latin America and the Caribbean from 1993 to 2014. Ten countries account for 95% of this carbon storage potential, led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela”. It is important to realize that though the article argues in favor of the second-growth forests tactic, it does not argue against the idea of limiting deforestation. The article later goes on to explain the experiments and tests that were set up to measure the effect of second-growth forests on the environments in Latin America.

     I think this article portrays Latin America in a positive light. For four Latin American countries to be leading the carbon sequestration attempt out of ten countries total is very impressive. This article shows that Latin America is very concerned with how Carbon Dioxide is affecting the planet that we live on. I think by running these tests and experiments and finding tactics that work, Latin American countries are taking responsibility, or at the very least acknowledging that human activity on earth can be detrimental to our planet. I feel as though these Latin American countries are leading by example in hopes of inspiring the rest of the global community to follow in their footsteps in helping to prevent global warming. This article is less about the cultural identity in Latin America and more about how Latin America interacts in the world. I think that because Latin America is known for its tropical regions and is abundant in its flora and fauna it feels the need to advocate and be proactive about these issues.  

 

For help understanding this complex article and what exactly was going on in these Latin American countries, I watched this video on Carbon Storage methods that might help you guys as well.